M.Ahsan

Precision Of Surveying Equipment : Before doing the construction in a site. A survey is performed in a site to review the conditions of terrain that whether it is plan or hilly. Because survey describes the level of the ground surface before the construction of building or road. The precision of the equipment gives the more dimension of the terrain or the precise volume of the cut or fill. So the equipment are used to minimize the error i.e human or technical. The following are the surveying equipment which are discussed below: Theodolite Drone GPS(Global Positioning System) Total Station Laser Distance Meter(LDM) Theodolite: Theodolite is a device which assures the accuracy in the framework for the precise mapping. It consist of a telescope pivoted with horizontal and vertical axes both. It measures the angle with the smaller intervals of 10 to 20minutes. By also repeating the process of the averaging to ensure the precision of the readings in it. For the measuring the precise long-ra...

 Designing Of The Footings : Footings are said to be the main part of the foundation that distributes the loads of the building depending upon the position and type of the footing where it is acting. There are two types of footings which are discussed as below: 1)Shallow Footings 2)Deep Footings Shallow Footings: Shallow footings transfers the structural load to the earth near to the earth rather than transferring the load to the subsurface like deep footings.Shallow footings are less technical.They are basically designed for bearing the loads of light structures.Generally these are isolated footings. But, according to the conditions they are divided into the various types which are discussed as follows: ) Isolated footings )Combined footings )Strap footings )Wall footings )Mat foundation Usage Of These Types of According To The Conditions: Generally the isolated footings are used because they individually bears the loads of the structural members.But if there is the conditions of ...

Concept Of Hydropower: The hydropower is basically the utilization of the potential energy of water to the electrical energy in which dams and large water reservoirs are constructed.These dams are constructed in hilly for proper mechanical pressure is needed to convert into electrical energy.A water turbine is fitted on the dam that is connected with the transformer.The work of the transformer is gain the mechanical energy from the water turbine and to covert it into the electrical energy.And after that transformer sends the electricity to the transmission towers. There is also the modern concept of the offshore of hydropower in which the tidal currents and through the power waves of the sea water,the electrical energy is generated.Another component is the pumped storage hydropower is the advanced technology deployed on the areas where the demand of electricity is to high.The electrical energy is generated by flowing the water from the higher reservoir to the lower reservoir.Due to the...