Designing Of The Footings

 Designing Of The Footings :

Footings are said to be the main part of the foundation that distributes the loads of the building depending upon the position and type of the footing where it is acting. There are two types of footings which are discussed as below:

1)Shallow Footings

2)Deep Footings

  1. Shallow Footings:

Shallow footings transfers the structural load to the earth near to the earth rather than transferring the load to the subsurface like deep footings.Shallow footings are less technical.They are basically designed for bearing the loads of light structures.Generally these are isolated footings. But, according to the conditions they are divided into the various types which are discussed as follows:

  • ) Isolated footings
  • )Combined footings
  • )Strap footings
  • )Wall footings
  • )Mat foundation

Usage Of These Types of According To The Conditions:



Generally the isolated footings are used because they individually bears the loads of the structural members.But if there is the conditions of the columns appears that are located far to each other then the combining foundations will be used.But if there is the interval of 3m between the two columns then we should use the combined footing. Whereas, the strap footings are used in the condition where column are near to eachother. The wall footing divides the load uniformly it usually comprises of UDL. Mat foundation is said to be the strongest foundation because it has an overall big slab in which the footings are constructed it is also said to be the most expensive footing.

 

   2.)Deep footing:
Deep footings basically works more efficiently than the shallow footings because it transfers the weight or load of the building deeper in the ground than the shallow footing to the stable and stronger strata.There are two types of footings which are discussed as follows:

1)Pier footings

2)Pile footings

Usage Of These Types of According To The Conditions:
The pier footings are installed by digging a hole in which the concrete is filled till the strong strata of the ground so that it can give the rigid and proper stability.Basically it is used in large infrastructure like bridges,dams and also in the large structures where normal shallow fooings are not applicable.

Whereas pile footings are used in the weak soil and strata where it is used for attaining the more stability.It consist of the piles which are attached with horizontal concrete shaped supports.These piles are installed till the strongest layer of the strata.They are also used in the construction of the bridges and skyscrapers buildings to acheive more stability.




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