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Precision Of Surveying Equipment

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Precision Of Surveying Equipment : Before doing the construction in a site. A survey is performed in a site to review the conditions of terrain that whether it is plan or hilly. Because survey describes the level of the ground surface before the construction of building or road. The precision of the equipment gives the more dimension of the terrain or the precise volume of the cut or fill. So the equipment are used to minimize the error i.e human or technical. The following are the surveying equipment which are discussed below: Theodolite Drone GPS(Global Positioning System) Total Station Laser Distance Meter(LDM) Theodolite: Theodolite is a device which assures the accuracy in the framework for the precise mapping. It consist of a telescope pivoted with horizontal and vertical axes both. It measures the angle with the smaller intervals of 10 to 20minutes. By also repeating the process of the averaging to ensure the precision of the readings in it. For the measuring the precise long-ra...
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Designing Of The Footings

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 Designing Of The Footings : Footings are said to be the main part of the foundation that distributes the loads of the building depending upon the position and type of the footing where it is acting. There are two types of footings which are discussed as below: 1)Shallow Footings 2)Deep Footings Shallow Footings: Shallow footings transfers the structural load to the earth near to the earth rather than transferring the load to the subsurface like deep footings.Shallow footings are less technical.They are basically designed for bearing the loads of light structures.Generally these are isolated footings. But, according to the conditions they are divided into the various types which are discussed as follows: ) Isolated footings )Combined footings )Strap footings )Wall footings )Mat foundation Usage Of These Types of According To The Conditions: Generally the isolated footings are used because they individually bears the loads of the structural members.But if there is the conditions of ...
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Concept Of Hydropower

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Concept Of Hydropower: The hydropower is basically the utilization of the potential energy of water to the electrical energy in which dams and large water reservoirs are constructed.These dams are constructed in hilly for proper mechanical pressure is needed to convert into electrical energy.A water turbine is fitted on the dam that is connected with the transformer.The work of the transformer is gain the mechanical energy from the water turbine and to covert it into the electrical energy.And after that transformer sends the electricity to the transmission towers. There is also the modern concept of the offshore of hydropower in which the tidal currents and through the power waves of the sea water,the electrical energy is generated.Another component is the pumped storage hydropower is the advanced technology deployed on the areas where the demand of electricity is to high.The electrical energy is generated by flowing the water from the higher reservoir to the lower reservoir.Due to the...
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Advanced Excavation And Construction Technology

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  Advanced Excavation And Construction  Technology: The constructions which are executed by the civil engineers highlights the quality performance of the engineer.The use of construction and excavation equipments(heavy machinery) is the another skill of a talented engineer to deploy it on terrain.Such as the deployment of the excavator for creating the foundation of a building.But to use the excavator carefully by watching the marked points on the terrain. Back hoe excavator CAT 420F The excavator contains a hoe mounted on the back of the excavator in which it can load heavy amounts depending on the load per cycles of the bucket.And it can also perform the tasks of the excavation such as excavating the terrain to construct the footings.This the multi tasking equipment used for multi purposes.It can work as both dozing and loading purposes. Excavator mounted with a crawler The main challenge for the site engineer is that to deploy the excavator in the terrain,If there is t...
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RESISTANCE FROM CRACKS IN BEAMS

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  RESISTANCE FROM CRACKS IN BEAMS: Concrete is the material which has compressive property. It is the brittle material which lead to sudden cracks in the structural components such as beam and columns. In beam the inclined cracks appear are the shear cracks. But they are resisted or controlled at side of compression zone because of the placement of reinforcements. This is the reason the beam bearing capacity increases and is able to bear large amount of  loads. The reason of bending is because of existence of steel reinforcements are placed.     If there chance of load applied from opposite direction.This problem occurs in the old structural houses.The hoging cases also appears in the ships and under ground water tanks of houses because of the load applied by the water in the opposite direction.So to eradicate this steel bars are also placed on the tension zone.The cracks which appears on the center of the beam are flexural cracks.The flexural appears due to the...
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CAPACITY OF SOIL FOR BEARING THE LOAD OF BUILDINGS:

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  CAPACITY OF SOIL FOR BEARING THE LOAD OF BUILDINGS: Soil is said to be the strata which plays the important role in the bearing the load of the building such as the soil of the desert has enough capacity to the load of the high rises buildings because they will cause penetration due to the higher load so in United Arab Emirates (UAE) the high rise buildings consumes tonns of water to increase the bearing capacity of soil to bear the load of buildigs. The photo of Green building in Dubai So before the construction of a building or any big project, the study of the soil or starta is performed by conducting the process of borelog.In which they do the excavation where the watertable,mining and the behavoiur of soil consistency is observed.Then the reports are to prepared in which the observations which are judged by the civil engineers or geologists mentioned on the report.And after that the decision is taken whether the building is to be constructed or not.In the hilly areas the woo...
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Behaviour Of The Concrete and steel for the stability of structural components

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 Behaviour Of The Concrete and steel for the stability of structural components: In todays the variety structural buildings are established to ensure the more stable structures that can any kind of loads.So for the improvments for more harder structures combination of steel and concrete are used.Because steel posses the property of tension and plastic whereas concrete posses the properties of compression and brittle.And the fineness of aggregates keeps the the components of structural buildings more stable such as beams and slabs. Steel plays the key role in making the structure more plastic because the behavior of steel is ductile so before reaching towards the rupture point it will signal by giving flexural failure effects.But if we will not use steel in the structure and will just use conrete in the structure, will result sudden  collapse in structure.Because the property of the concrete is brittle.So that's why steel reinforcements are for the constructions of buildings so...
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